IV heparin therapy is ordered for a client. While implementing this order, a nurse ensures that which of the following medications is available in the nursing unit?
A. Vitamin K
B. Aminocaproic acid
C. Potassium chloride
D. Protamine sulfate
Correct Answer: D. Protamine sulfate
The antidote to heparin is protamine sulfate and should be readily available for use if excessive bleeding or hemorrhage should occur. Protamine is a medication used to reverse and neutralize the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Protamine is the specific antagonist that neutralizes heparin-induced anticoagulation. Protamine is a strongly alkaline (nearly two-thirds of the amino acid composition is arginine) polycationic low-molecular-weight protein found in salmon sperm that is also currently available in a recombinant form.
Option A: Vitamin K is an antidote for warfarin. Vitamin K is a medication used in the management and treatment of bleeding due to the coagulation disorder caused by warfarin and vitamin K deficiency. It is in the fat-soluble vitamin class of drugs.
Option B: Aminocaproic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, is a medication used to manage and treat acute bleeding disorders. Aminocaproic acid has received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapeutic management of acute hemorrhages caused by elevated fibrinolytic activity leading to surgical complications after cardiac surgery, hematological disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, and neoplastic disease.
Option C: Potassium chloride is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypokalemia. It is in the electrolyte supplement class of medications. Regardless of the administration route, KCl is used to increase the potassium content of the body. Approximately 98% of all potassium in the body exists within cells, particularly skeletal muscle cells.
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